Where is Iwo Jima, and what is its significance Essay

Where is Iwo Jima, and what is its significance - Essay Example The little volcanic island of Iwo Jima is situated a little over 650 miles southeast of Japan, about halfway between Tokyo and the American airfields on Guam, Saipan and Tinian in the Mariana Islands. Guam, the biggest island, was a U.S. protectorate, before the Second World War, and the Navy had a communications station there. The neighboring Saipan and Tinian were Japanese colonies. American forces raided the Marianas in mid 1944 and instantly began construction of what came to be the world’s biggest aerodrome for the Super fortress bombers of the U.S. 20th Air Force. The Super fortress bombers were earlier stationed in mainland China, but providing them with enough fuel was a logistic nightmare (Rogers, 1). When Marines saw Iwo Jima for the first time, it was an ugly lump of volcanic sand and clay. It was different from any other island they had ever seen. They saw an ugly lump of volcanic sand and clay, which was treeless, craggy, and blistered with endless sand hummocks rather than palm trees and a white ribbon of beach, or the green cane fields of Saipan and Tinian. Mount Suribachi, at the southern tip, appeared like something out of an inferno; the plateau at the north was a series of hills and ridges. The beach was black instead of white, while the vegetation that grew sparsely was wilted, colorless and burned out (Bradley, 10). Luft adds that Suribachi Mountain was given this name because of its shape which looks like an upturned bowl. Joe Rosenthal captured the iconic photo of the raised Marine flag here on Feb. 23, 1945. Despite the last full-scale eruption occurring in 1727, looking into the center of the crater, steam can be seen rising from a vent while the smell of sulfur f ills every breath (38). Iwo Jima was the step to the Japanese heartland for the 70,000 Americans and to the end of a terrible war. However, for the 22,000 Japanese defenders, Iwo Jima

Nude in art Essay Example for Free

Nude in art Essay The nude has changed dramatically throughout time in terms of its role in the art world. It has been used to portray a person’s power and their weakness, the way they see themselves and the way others see them. The majority of nude artworks are of the female nude, as highlighted by John Berger, ‘men look at women, women look back at themselves being looked at. ’ Vanessa Beecroft, a contemporary artist deems to challenge the way society views the nude in both high art and everyday contemporary society. She challenges the way women are judged on their appearance a base concept that is seen throughout many pervious images of the nude in art. In 1599 Pieter Pauwel Rubens depicts just that, the judgment of a women based on looks in his painting, The Judgment of Paris, which depicts Venus the goddess of beauty and love being judged as the most beautiful female by the judge Paris. In contrast to these female nudes, during the renaissance, Michelangelo’s nudes consisted of mainly males. He used the nude to show both desire and strength as well as his devotion to religion and art. The nude in art can been seen changing as society does throughout time. In the contemporary society we live in today, we, the audience, are more likely to accept the nude as part of everyday life because of the way mass media has influenced us as a society. However, before times when the nude was common sight and open sexual desire was seen as something preposterous, artists used the nude as a way of portraying their personal aesthetic ideals though religious figures, showing their love for both the art itself and their nude subjects. Michelangelo was first and foremost a sculptor. One of his most famous nude sculptures was that of David – depicted in the moments before he defeated Goliath. Created in 1504, Michelangelo sculpted for four years to create, in his own eyes, the finest sculpture of David possible. Michelangelo’s own dedication to the piece highlights his love for the subject as well as the art form. David was depicted as athletic but natural with some fetchers such as his hand and head enlarged for emphasis. David’s naked form symbolised his high religious status to Michelangelo. He felt that perfection such as David’s should not be hidden, this can be seen throughout a range of Michelangelo’s works, both sculpted and painted where he depicts religious figures of high value as nudes and covers lower class subjects with the cloth of a slave as if to cover their shame. Therefore, it can be seen that Michelangelo mirrors his own ideals in the form of religious figures to depict the perfection he desires as well as display this to the audience for them to subconsciously judge the subjects of his work under their own ideals. During the Baroque era, Rubens depicts the scene of the judgment of Paris, this painting allows the male subject to openly judge the female on their beauty alone. While depicting this mythological tale Rubens also himself paints the Venus to meet his ideal expectations of a woman’s desirable qualities, both physically and temperamental and offers her to the audience’s judgment also. Rubens has posed the women to show off their bodies in the most desirable way as well as highlight their key fetchers’ such as their nipples and lips in deep red and gold against their pure skin, he paints the woman with small breasts and wide hips – the ideal representation of female beauty at the time. Implied innocence hides the male voyeurism in this scene – all figures are equally naked however, only the female body is on show, all male’s in the image are either turning away from the audience or are modestly hidden by lavish draping’s, furthermore, the woman are surrounded by small winged children named, Putti; these figures are associated with love and sexual encounters. The ultimate goal for all the women in this painting is to win the love of Paris through their beauty and Venus’ ideal attraction symbolises the high value placed on this virtue and highlights their love and physical beauty as the most important quality they have to offer. Contemporary artist, Vanessa Beecroft challenges the way the nude has been viewed throughout past art as well as how it is perceived in modern society. Beecroft is most known for her confronting live performances in which a selection of like women are stood on high heels and not much else, facing the audience’s gaze. Beecroft aims to provoke reaction from the audience, both male and female, the gaze these models hold as well as their physical closeness to the audience highlight the fact that these women know they are being looked at and judged and consequently look back and judge the audience creating an uncomfortable but eye opening experience for both the models and the viewer. Beecroft challenges the way the nude body is perceived by both high art and by the public and questions a woman’s need to conform to societies expectations as well as focusing on how the concept of beauty can change over a period of time, Beecroft states, ‘maybe if they (the audience) see it twenty times they’ll start not to think of it in the same way, I’m not sure, it’s an experiment. In conclusion it can been seen that the nude has changed dramatically throughout time however, it has always been associated by different forms of beauty and judgment, due to the human nature of the artists that create such works. It can also be highlighted that the way the audience as well as the artist sees the nudes they depict can change during the artwork or during their lifetime depending on how they are influenced by the changing world around them.

Monopolies Essay -- Monopoly Business Marketing Essays

Monopolies What is a monopoly? According to Webster's dictionary, a monopoly is "the exclusive control of a commodity or service in a given market.† Such power in the hands of a few is harmful to the public and individuals because it minimizes, if not eliminates normal competition in a given market and creates undesirable price controls. This, in turn, undermines individual enterprise and causes markets to crumble. In this paper, we will present several aspects of monopolies, including unfair competition, price control, and horizontal, vertical, and conglomerate mergers. Unfair Competition Barriers to Entry. In general, a monopoly by one company possesses the power to create barriers to entry for competing companies in a particular market. Also, once a company has achieved a loyal following, it then becomes easy for that company to maintain control of the market. Thus, leading to elimination of potential competition. Increasing Returns. In some markets, the profits for high volumes of goods are extremely exaggerated. For example, in the manufacturing industry, each product requires a certain material and labor cost to produce it. Large companies are often able to under-cut competitors’ prices, drive them out of the market, and then raise prices again.1 Consequently, this increased volume increases profit, allowing such companies an even greater power. Incomplete Information. Often, once a company gains control of a particular market, that company does not disclose complete information in regard to their products. Such is the case in the current Microsoft antitrust case. Microsoft not only does not disclose complete information on their software products, but also goes one step further by making their software products incompatible with other operating systems. As a result, the consumer has no choice but to buy Microsoft software products exclusively. Once a company has successfully dominated a business market, they can use that control to move into other markets by:  · Squeezing out competitors  · Dominating sales of the product  · Controlling prices of the product  · Acquiring additional companies, inside and outside, of the field Enforcement. The Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice is responsible for protecting the competitive process through enforcement of antitrust laws. The Division has challenged bar... ...titive effects. Third, the Agency assesses whether entry would be timely, likely and sufficient either to deter or to counteract the competitive effects of concern. Fourth, the Agency assesses any efficiency gains that reasonably cannot be achieved by the parties through other means. Finally the Agency assesses whether, but for the merger, either party to the transaction would be likely to fail, causing its assets to exit the market. The process of assessing market concentration, potential adverse competitive effects, entry, efficiency and failure is a tool that allows the Agency to answer the ultimate inquiry in merger analysis: whether the merger is likely to create or enhance market power or to facilitate its exercise. Conclusion No one company or individual should have exclusive control of a commodity or service in a given market. Prosperity in the high-technology economy of the 21st Century will depend on strict enforcement against monopolies that lessen competition along with continued encouragement of innovation. The Department of Justice must continue to open markets and ensure that they are competitive for the benefit of American businesses and consumers. Monopolies Essay -- Monopoly Business Marketing Essays Monopolies What is a monopoly? According to Webster's dictionary, a monopoly is "the exclusive control of a commodity or service in a given market.† Such power in the hands of a few is harmful to the public and individuals because it minimizes, if not eliminates normal competition in a given market and creates undesirable price controls. This, in turn, undermines individual enterprise and causes markets to crumble. In this paper, we will present several aspects of monopolies, including unfair competition, price control, and horizontal, vertical, and conglomerate mergers. Unfair Competition Barriers to Entry. In general, a monopoly by one company possesses the power to create barriers to entry for competing companies in a particular market. Also, once a company has achieved a loyal following, it then becomes easy for that company to maintain control of the market. Thus, leading to elimination of potential competition. Increasing Returns. In some markets, the profits for high volumes of goods are extremely exaggerated. For example, in the manufacturing industry, each product requires a certain material and labor cost to produce it. Large companies are often able to under-cut competitors’ prices, drive them out of the market, and then raise prices again.1 Consequently, this increased volume increases profit, allowing such companies an even greater power. Incomplete Information. Often, once a company gains control of a particular market, that company does not disclose complete information in regard to their products. Such is the case in the current Microsoft antitrust case. Microsoft not only does not disclose complete information on their software products, but also goes one step further by making their software products incompatible with other operating systems. As a result, the consumer has no choice but to buy Microsoft software products exclusively. Once a company has successfully dominated a business market, they can use that control to move into other markets by:  · Squeezing out competitors  · Dominating sales of the product  · Controlling prices of the product  · Acquiring additional companies, inside and outside, of the field Enforcement. The Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice is responsible for protecting the competitive process through enforcement of antitrust laws. The Division has challenged bar... ...titive effects. Third, the Agency assesses whether entry would be timely, likely and sufficient either to deter or to counteract the competitive effects of concern. Fourth, the Agency assesses any efficiency gains that reasonably cannot be achieved by the parties through other means. Finally the Agency assesses whether, but for the merger, either party to the transaction would be likely to fail, causing its assets to exit the market. The process of assessing market concentration, potential adverse competitive effects, entry, efficiency and failure is a tool that allows the Agency to answer the ultimate inquiry in merger analysis: whether the merger is likely to create or enhance market power or to facilitate its exercise. Conclusion No one company or individual should have exclusive control of a commodity or service in a given market. Prosperity in the high-technology economy of the 21st Century will depend on strict enforcement against monopolies that lessen competition along with continued encouragement of innovation. The Department of Justice must continue to open markets and ensure that they are competitive for the benefit of American businesses and consumers.

Japan’s Occupation: An American Operation

The occupation of Japan was, from start to finish, an American operation. General Douglans MacArthur, sole supreme commander of the Allied Power was in charge. The Americans had insufficient men to make a military government of Japan possible; so they decided to act through the existing Japanese gobernment. General MacArthur became, except in name, dictator of Japan. He imposed his will on Japan. Demilitarization was speedily carried out, demobilization of the former imperial forces was completed by early 1946. Japan was extensively fire bomded during the second world war. The stench of sewer gas, rotting garbage, and the acrid smell of ashes and scorched debris pervaded the air. The Japanese people had to live in the damp, and cold of the concrete buildings, because they were the only ones left. Little remained of the vulnerable wooden frame, tile roof dwelling lived in by most Japanese. When the first signs of winter set in, the occupation forces immediately took over all the steam-heated buildings. The Japanese were out in the cold in the first post war winter fuel was very hard to find, a family was considered lucky if they had a small barely glowing charcoal brazier to huddle round. That next summer in random spots new ho uses were built, each house was standardized at 216 square feet, and required 2400 board feet of material in order to be built. A master plan for a modernistic city had been drafted, but it was cast aside because of the lack of time before the next winter. The thousands of people who lived in railroad stations and public parks needed housing. All the Japanese heard was democracy from the Americans. All they cared about was food. General MacArthur asked the government to send food, when they refus ed he sent another telegram that said, Send me food, or send me bullets. † American troops were forbidden to eat local food, as to keep from cutting from cutting into the sparse No food was was brought in expressly for the Japanese durning the first six months after the American presence there. Herbert Hoover, serving as chairman of a special presidential advisory committee, recommended minimum imports to Japan of 870,000 tons of food to be distributed in different urban areas. Fish, the source of so much of the protein in the Japanese diet, were no longer available in adequate quantities because the fishing fleet, particularly the arge vessels, had been badly decimated by the war and because the U. S. S. R. closed off the fishing grounds in the north. The most important aspect of the democratization policy was the adoption of a new constitution and its supporting legislation. When the Japanese government proved too confused or too reluctant to come up with a constitutional reform that satisfied MacArthur, he had his own staff draft a new constitution in February 1946. This, with only minor changes, was then adopted by the Japanese government in the form of an imperial amendment to the 1889 constitution and went into effect n May 3, 1947. The new Constitution was a perfection of the British parliamentary form of government that the Japanese had been moving toward in the 1920s. Supreme political power was assigned to the Diet. Cabinets were made responsible to the Diet by having the prime minister elected by the lower house. The House of Peers was replaced by an elected House of Councillors. The judicial system was made as independent of executive interference as possible, and a newly created supreme court was given the power to review the constitutionality of laws. Local governments were given greatly increased powers. The Emperor was reduced to being a symbol of the unity of the nation. Japanese began to see him in person. He went to hospitals, schools, mines, industrial plants; he broke ground for public buildings and snipped tape at the opening of gates and highways. He was steered here and there, shown things, and kept muttering, â€Å"Ah so, ah so. † People started to call him â€Å"Ah-so-san. Suddenly the puyblic began to take this shy, ill-at-ease man to their hearts. They saw in him something of their own conqured selves, force to do what was alien to them. In 1948, in a newspaper poll, Emperior Hirohito was voted the Civil liberties were emphasized, women were given full equality with men. Article 13 and 19 in the new Constitution, prohibits discrimination in political, economic, and social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status, or family origen. This is one of the most explicitly progressive statements on human rights anywhere in law. Gerneral Douglas MacArthur emerged as a radical feminist because he was â€Å"convinced that the place of women in Japan must be brought to a level consistent with that of women in the western democracies. † So the Japanese women got their equal rights amendment long before a oncerted effort was made to obtain one in America. Compulsory education was extened to nine years, efforts were made to make education more a traning in thinking than in rote memory, and the school system above the six elementary grades was revised to conform to the American pattern. This last mechanical change produced great confusion and dissatisfaction but became so entrenched that it could not be revised even after the Americans departed. Japan's agriculture was the quickest of national activities to recover because of land reform. The Australians came up with the best plan. It was basis was this: There were to be no absentee landlards. A person who actually worked the land could own up to 7. 5 arcers. Anyone living in a village near by could keep 2. 5 acres. Larger plots of land, exceeding these limits, were bought up by the government and sold on easy terms to former tenants. Within two years 2 million tenants became landowners. The American occupation immediately gained not only a large constituency, for the new owners had a vested interest in preserving the change, but also a psychological momentum for other changes they wanted to initiate. The American labor policy in Japan had a double goal: to encourage the growth of democratic unions while keeping them free of communists. Union organization was used as a balance to the power of management. To the surprise of the American authorties, this movement took a decidedly more radical turn. In the desperate economic conditions of early postwar Japan, there was little room for successful bargaining over wages, and many labor unions instead made a bid to take over industry and operate it in their own behalf. Moreover large numbers of workers in Japan were government employees, such as ailroad workers and teachers, whose wages were set not by management but by the government. Direct political action therefore seemed more meani ngful to these people than wage bargaining. The Japanese unions called for a general strike on February 1, 1947. MacArthur warned the union leadership that he would not countenace a nationwide strike. The strike leaders yieled to MacArthur's will. The reafter the political appeal of radical labor action appeared to wane. The Americans wanted to disband the great Zaibatsu trust as a means of reducing Japan's war-making potential. There were about 15 Zaibatsu families such as – Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Yasuda, and Sumitomo. The Zaibatsu controled the industry of Japan. MacArthur's liaison men pressured the Diet into passing the Deconcentration Law in December 1947. In the eyes of most Japanese this law was designed to cripple Japanese business and industry forever. The first step in breaking up the Zaibatsu was to spread their ownership out among the people and to prevent the old owners from ever again exercising control. The stocks of all the key holding companies were to be sold to the public. Friends of the old Zaibatsu bought the stock. In the long run the Zaibatsu were not exactly destroyed, but a few were weakened and others underwent a considerable shuffle. The initial period of the occupation from 1945 to 1948 was marked by reform, the second phase was one of stabilization. Greater attention was given to improvement of the economy. Japan was a heavy expense to the United States. The ordered breakup of the Zaibatsu was slowed down. The union movement continued to grow, to the ult imate benefit of the worker. Unremitting pressure on employers brought swelling wages, which meant the steady expansion of Japan domestic onsumer market. This market was a major reason for Japan's subsequent economic boom. Another boom to the economy was the Korean War which proved to be a blessing in disguise. Japan became the main staging area for military action in Korea and went on a war boom economy with out having to fight in or pay for a war. The treaty of peace with Japan was signed at San Francisco in September 1951 by Japan, the United States, and forty-seven other nations. The Soviet Union refused to sign it. The treaty went into effect in April 1952, officially terminating the United States ilitary occupation and restoring full independence. What is extraordinary in the Occupation and its aftermath was the insignificance of the unpleasant. For the Japanese, the nobility of American ideals and the essential benignity of the American presence assuaged much of the bitterness and anguish of defeat. For the Americans, the joys of promoting peace and democracy triumphed over the attendant fustrations and grievances. Consequently, the Occupation served to lay down a substantial capital of good will on which both America and Japan would draw in the years ahead.

Brand Failures

Companies don't blame the product, (but) they blame the brand. Brands also transformed the process of marketing into a process of perception-building. Image is now everything: consumers consider more important the perception of the brand than the real product. Why branding is everything? Because companies live or die on the strength of the brand: one mistake and the customer can break the loyalty bond RULES why brands fail l. Brand Amnesia. For old brands, memory becomes a problem. When a brand forgets its identity and try to create a new identity, like Coca-Cola with New Coke. Brand Ego. Brand overestimates its importance, believe to dominate the market alone (like Polaroid in the photography market) or enter new markets that don't fit (like Harley Davidson selling perfume) 3. Brand deception. Companies sometimes lie when branding, and today consumers are really connected via Internet and can't be cheated. 4. Brand paranoia. When the brand feels an inferiority complex, imitating the competitors and reinventing the brand every six months. 5. Brand Relevance. When a market evolves, the brands risk to become obsolete.There are some myths associated with branding: I If a product is good, it will have success. This is not always true, Because good products can fail exactly like bad products. For example, Bateman was better than VS., but failed. 2. Brands are more likely to succeed than fail. Wrong. Brands fail every single day, the 80 per cent dies when introduced, and 10 per cent within five years. 3. Big companies Will always have brand success. This is false, because famous brands are also weaker. For example â€Å"New Coke†. 4. Strong brands are built on advertising.Advertising can support brands, but not build them. There are many types of failures, one of them is Classic failures Reasons why brands fail: marketing errors: like setting the wrong price or name or getting paranoid about the competition or consumers can boycott the brand because of a scand al via internet or simply because they are bad ideas New Coke case In the case of New Coke, the brand forgot its identity.

Sunlight effects on Color essays

Sunlight effects on Color essays Color is light. Light is a form of energy and, according to theory, travels in waves. Sir Isaac Newton discovered this in 1666 by passing a beam of light through a prism. The renowned English scientist was 23 years old at the time. He was made to stay home from Cambridge University for over a year because the plague that was sweeping Europe had closed it down. It was during this period that Newton performed his famous spectrum experiments. To alleviate the boredom of quarantine, he punched holes in the curtains of his darkened room to study the effects of light passing through a prism. The light separated into the same progression of colors found in the natural rainbow. Although he found an infinite number of colors in this spectrum, Newton wanted to show that there were just seven main colors. He identified red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. This was also in keeping with Aristotle's seven classes of color, which he thought were all mixes of black and white (What is). There are three Primary colors, red, blue and yellow. If you mix two primary colors together, a secondary color is produced. The primary colors are the base of all secondary colors. Red, yellow, and blue wavelengths may be mixed to produce all colors. All colors can be made by mixing these three colors. Mixing all three colors makes white light. Mixing any two of these colors makes the complementary color of the other primary. Mixing a primary color with its complementary color makes white light. Secondary colors are the colors you get when mixing two primary colors together in equal amounts. Orange, green, and violet are secondary colors. The colors are made by mixing equal amounts of primary colors together to produce a different color or shade. Each secondary color is made from the two primary colors (Color Theory). By mixing together various amounts of red, green and blue, you can m ...

Tone (In Writing) Definition and Examples

Tone (In Writing) Definition and Examples In composition, tone is the expression of a writers attitude toward subject, audience, and self. Tone is primarily conveyed in writing through diction, point of view, syntax, and level of formality. In  Writing: A Manual for the Digital Age (2012),  Blakesley and Hoogeveen make a simple distinction between style and tone: Style refers to the overall flavor and texture created by the writers word choices and sentence structures. Tone is an attitude toward the events of the story- humorous, ironic, cynical, and so on. In practice, theres a close connection between style and tone. EtymologyFrom the Latin, string, a stretching Tone and Persona If persona is the complex personality implicit in the writing, tone is a web of feelings stretched throughout an essay, feelings from which our sense of the persona emerges. Tone has three main strands: the writers attitude toward subject, reader, and self. Each of these determinants of tone is important, and each has many variations. Writers may be angry about a subject or amused by it or discuss it dispassionately. They may treat readers as intellectual inferiors to be lectured (usually a poor tactic) or as friends with whom they are talking. Themselves they may regard very seriously or with an ironic or an amused detachment (to suggest only three of numerous possibilities). Given all these variables, the possibilities of tone are almost endless. Tone, like persona, is unavoidable. You imply it in the words you select and in how you arrange them. (Thomas S. Kane, The New Oxford Guide to Writing. Oxford University Press, 1988) Tone and Diction The main factor in tone is diction, the words that the writer chooses. For one kind of writing, an author may choose one type of vocabulary, perhaps slang, and for another, the same writer may choose an entirely different set of words. . . .Even such small matters as contractions make a difference in tone, the contracted verbs being less formal: It is strange that the professor had not assigned any papers for three weeks.Its strange that the professor hadnt assigned any papers for three weeks. (W. Ross Winterowd, The Contemporary Writer: A Practical Rhetoric, 2nd ed. Harcourt, 1981) Tone in Business Writing Tone in writing . . . can range from formal and impersonal (a scientific report) to informal and personal (an email to a friend or a how-to article for consumers). Your tone can be unprofessionally sarcastic or diplomatically agreeable. Tone, like style, is indicated in part by the words you choose. . . . The tone of your writing is especially important in occupational writing because it reflects the image you project to your readers and thus determines how they will respond to you, your work, and your company. Depending on your tone, you can appear sincere and intelligent or angry and uninformed. . . . The wrong tone in a letter or a proposal might cost you a customer. (Philip C. Kolin, Successful Writing at Work, Concise 4th ed. Cengage, 2015) Sentence Sounds Robert Frost believed sentence tones (which he called sound of sense) are already there- living in the cave of the mouth. He considered them real cave things: they were before words were (Thompson 191). To write a vital sentence, he believed, we must write with the ear on the speaking voice (Thompson 159). The ear is the only true writer and the only true reader. Eye readers miss the best part. The sentence sound often says more than the words (Thompson 113). According to Frost: Only when we are making sentences so shaped [by spoken sentence tones] are we truly writing. A sentence must convey a meaning by tone of voice and it must be the particular meaning the writer intended. The reader must have no choice in the matter. The tone of voice and its meaning must be in black and white on the page.(Thompson 204) In writing, we cant indicate body language, but we can control how sentences are heard. And it is through our arrangement of words into sentences, one after another, that we can approximate some of the intonation in speech that tells our readers not only information about the world but also how we feel about it, who we are in relationship to it, and who we think our readers are in relationship to us and the message we want to deliver. (Dona Hickey, Developing a Written Voice. Mayfield, 1993) We are not won by arguments that we can analyze but by the tone and temper, by the manner which is the man himself. (Attributed to novelist Samuel Butler)

Introduction to Pronouncing the French Alphabet

Introduction to Pronouncing the French Alphabet French pronunciation can be one of the more difficult aspects of learning French, especially for English speakers, but with time and practice, it is definitely possible to develop a good French accent. It important to do so eventually.  In French, pronunciation is a very big deal.  Phonetics, the system and study of sounds uttered in speaking  a language, in short, the way a language is pronounced, is taught in every language school serving foreigners. Students are drilled in opening their mouth, pursing their lips, hitting the roof of their mouth precisely with their tongue and other techniques involved in speaking French correctly.   Consonants and Vowels The French alphabet has the same 26 letters as the English alphabet does, but of course, most of the letters are pronounced differently in the two languages. In addition, French has five accents: four for vowels and one for a consonant, which English, of course, does not have. Vowels are the most problematic for non-native speakers, especially speakers of Germanic languages like English and German, who do not use the muscles in their face and mouth as much as the French. In the table below, start at the top with the links to pronunciation guides for French consonants and  French vowels.   Links to Detailed Letter Pages Then click on the capital letters in the table below and youll move on to the letter pages, each of which offers a detailed description of the pronunciation of that letter, including letter combinations, numerous examples and information about the accents that may be used with that letter. For each letter, note the rules governing its pronunciation, and follow them. When you are comfortable with pronouncing letters, proceed to the French Audio Guide, which illustrates with sound files, rules of the road and examples how to pronounce 2,500 French words and expressions. Remember that there is only so much you can do to improve your pronunciation on your own. At some point, you will almost certainly need to take a class, go to France  or hire a private tutor. Online pronunciation lessons like these can never take the place of interaction with native or fluent speakers, but at least they can help you get started or supplement what youve already learned. Allez-y! Pronounce the French Alphabet Consonants  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vowels ​ A  Ã‚  B  Ã‚  C  Ã‚  D  Ã‚  E  Ã‚  F  Ã‚  G  Ã‚  H  Ã‚  I  Ã‚  J  Ã‚  K  Ã‚  L  Ã‚  M  Ã‚  N  Ã‚  O  Ã‚  P  Ã‚  Q  Ã‚  R  Ã‚  S  Ã‚  T  Ã‚  U  Ã‚  V  Ã‚  W  Ã‚  X  Ã‚  Y  Ã‚  Z

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in the Prince William Sound Essay

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in the Prince William Sound - Essay Example These investigations proved beyond doubt that the damages caused by this mishap have been more than what one would anticipate and therefore huge remedial measures are necessary to regain the damaged eco system back to its normal state. Even though some relief works were carried out at the site for few months and some compensation were dispersed by Exxon; these measures were not sufficient enough to bring back the affected region to its normal state. Exxon slowly started to withdraw its relief operations in this area even though they accepted the responsibility of this mishap. This paper discusses the things happened after this mishap to the key players, the appropriateness of their actions and the recommendations for avoiding such mishaps in future. â€Å"Exxon Mobil has paid about $900 million under the 1991 settlement† (Yardley, 2011) to rebuild the environment back to its normal state. â€Å"Exxon says it doesnt have any obligation to pay more. But the settlement also had a "reopener" clause allowing the state and federal governments to later claim up to $100 million more from Exxon if there were unforeseen damages† (Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Exxon Mobil Scores Key Victory In Alaska Case, 2011). But Exxon is note ready to obey the "reopener" clause of $100 million more aid to the affected people. Oil that penetrates deeply into beaches can remain relatively fresh for years and can later come back to the surface and affect nearby animals. In addition, oil degrades at varying rates depending on environment, with subsurface sediments physically protected from disturbance, oxygenation, and photolysis retaining contamination by only partially weathered oil for years. Long-term exposure of fish embryos to weathered oil at parts per billion (ppb) concentrations has population consequences through indirect effects on growth,

Football Attendance Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Football Attendance - Research Proposal Example When it comes to data analysis, the casual design of the research will begin with checking for the accuracy of the obtained primary data from interviews before it can be fed into the computer. The data will then be inferred to describing the important points that where obtained from the interviews to achieve the objectives and the aim of the research. Ethical issues will be emphasised in the researched through referencing of sources of information in the bibliography. The term foot ball is applied differently all over the world in terms of the sport, for example in the US it refers to the sport that involves running and kicking the ball in a competition between two teams in their attempt to score a goal. However, to its generality in the UK and other English speaking nations, foot ball also known as soccer is a sport like any other that involves manoeuvring a ball with ones foot with the aim of making goal. The game is characterised by two competing teams that comprises of eleven players. The players are usually males but with the course of time, it has seen females engage into the game. The players are restricted to a field of play where certain rules that govern the game are employed through its monitoring by a referee. The game usually lasts for ninety minutes with a half time break of fifteen minutes. However, in some instances the game can go beyond ninety minutes in what is referred to as extra time and this is usually influenced by time th at is wasted due to injuries or substitutions during the course of the match that prompts the referee to halt the game for a while. This causes the referee to compensate the wasted time by extending the length of time of the game. Foot ball's origin dates back to the times of the Ancient Greeks and Romans in medieval Europe who are considered to be the inventors of this game that has seen its popularization because of the large numbers of fanatics all over the world. This game was initially associated with peasants of the time who played it as a form of leisure. It was not governed by any rules or guidelines. Many people would engage in the game at the same time making it be referred to at one time as mob football. The game would be played by teams of people against other towns which would see a chaotic game that resembled a struggle. At the time there where no goal scoring posts and would be characterized by an attempt by the players to move the ball to a certain geographical location of their opponents. The game further developed in other regions as indigenous people adopted different versions of the game such as playing it on ice or other surfaces or introducing tools that they would use

Small Group Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Small Group Communication - Essay Example Relations have a very major role to play in understand group communication vis-à  -vis the society. This is because no man can survive successfully in an environment alone. There shall inevitably be more individuals around him from the same species for him to live in a manner conforming to the definition of a social group, if not a society. Here the concept of mutual; regards, norms and values if very important. Relations, where may be defined as a rather subjective or relative term with reference to human understand, but it shall have to given some limits when we are discussing social structure. Relations can be very simply taken as appreciating and realizing the social norms in their very basic context. These relations, in even more simpler terms can possibly be linked to common sense. But then again, this shall vary greatly from culture to culture, and within that, from community to community. â€Å"One important task we face in attempting to understand the persons around us, is that of determining their present moods, group communication and feelings† (Barn et al, 1980). No matter how close people are, or how much they are in the same band width of thought processes, the ultimate recipe for rationalizing a social situation can never be the same; even for the same person. As was mentioned earlier, relations are the concept that involves actualizing with the prevalent norms. A very intelligent person is less likely to conform to the demands and ways of a group as compared to a person with optimal intelligence. Similarly, being mature does not necessarily confirm the presence of rationalistic and pragmatic frame of reference. Coleman believes that â€Å"Orthodox conceptions of relations are evidently internally deficient and inadequate for explaining human interaction† (2003). This extrapolates upon the conception that relations are a

Yuanlin-Wharton-essays1,2-0926-ec19970 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Yuanlin-Wharton-essays1,2-0926-ec19970 - Essay Example I started my career with the battery division of Sony as a sales officer. The times saw the battery division limping far behind the other departments of Sony in terms of sales and revenue. I analyzed the issue and addressed the problem by preaching the â€Å"Sony Team Spirit’ within the team which initiated cross-division collaboration. This resulted in the packaged sale of the battery along with other Sony products like T.V, Camera and Music Systems which within itself contributed 30 percent rise in the revenue of my division. My analytic skills brought me the opportunity to work as Asian market analyst at DSM. The market data model as well as the marketing and sales strategy-decision platform which existed was found be too much outdated to compete with the rising demands of the corporate world. I renovated the platform and established a team which monitored all aspects of business including market trends and hidden problems. The idea proved to be efficient as this strategic platform was widely applied in thirteen countries and contributed greatly to DSM’s global growth. Eventually DSM global headquarters included this system in its Corporate Vision 2010. In 2006, I took the position of Business Development manager at DSM. The price war was eating up the sustainable growth of the organization and its products. My strategy for this problem was to differentiate DSM as a customer oriented solution provider rather than a mere product supplier. My market analysis strategically led us to three emerging markets, giving us the advantage of an early-driver. I developed a business ecosystem in symbiosis with other organizations producing relative products. A united fleet of service providers was established resulting in more than twenty collaborative projects a year which generated sales revenue more than 1 million USD. As I grew in experience, I could envisage my prospect in helping the domestic Chinese companies to attain a global level. This thought eventually

Excessive Materialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Excessive Materialism - Essay Example "The foundation of America was built on the idea of being a land with endless opportunity. That opportunity was not only freedom to oneself, but also the opportunity to gain much wealth." (Jackson, n.d., para. 1). Each citizen's prosperity was a reward for their hard work and diligence (Wikipedia, The American Dream, n.d., para. 1). However, the American Dream has been dramatically redefined to reflect the excessive materialism that is representative of the crumbling moral and social core of today's world. The new American Dream, fueled by excessive materialism, has brought new and detrimental values to a society that has already gone astray. In addition, the American Dream as it exists today is more and more difficult to attain, because it is built on unrealistic ideals. As people work harder and harder to consume more and more, their lives are out of balance. In the quest for wealth as measured by purchases and materials items, their quality of life diminishes with the loss of fami ly and personal time. Excessive materialism, in trampling our esteemed and treasured American identity, threatens our individual well being, collective justice and ecological balance today and in the future. is consumed by consumers of expensive coffee, name brand clothing, chic cars, trendy hair cuts, cell phones, laptops, and portable video games. A large portion of people are talking on a cell phone and a larger portion of people look stressed out. The biggest and most obvious difference to me is how the children dress, talk, behave and play compared to even when I was young. In absorbing my surroundings, I realized that excessive materialism has become an accepted value in our society. The concept of materialism can be traced back in biblical history and literature. Mammon is used in the New Testament to describe materials wealth or greed and to personify a false god (Wikipedia, Mammon, n.d.). Webster defines 'Mammon' as 1) the false god of riches and avarice and 2) riches regarded as an object of worship and greedy pursuit; wealth as an evil, more or less personified (Websters, 1977). Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal: But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other; or else he will be devoted to one and despise the other.

Personal Data Privacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal Data Privacy - Research Paper Example everyone do not follow an approach to provide personal information to any online organization. Nowadays, an online consumer finds a credible source of websites prior to processing online transactions. Consumers can only judge their credibility by security seals or their international presence around the globe. Unfortunately, no one knows that these organizations do, in order to protect customer data that is stored in their databases. For instance, if a security breach occurs in one of the databases of these organizations, millions of records related to customer personal information and most importantly, credit card numbers will be in control of cyber criminals and hackers. This concludes to a new term that is known as identity and data theft. This is the first major concern of data privacy. Secondly, there are issues where customers are not aware from the pros and cons of providing personal information online. They tend to provide information on unsecure social networking sites and v ague online businesses. As a result, they suffer the consequences. This paper will highlight local regulations concerning personal data privacy. ... 36% of consumers would not put personal information online, yet 11% of them have still been a victim of data theft. Only 5% of the UK public surveyed are not worried about data loss. As well as the security of financial data being a concern, 46% of all respondents are most concerned about protecting their medical records, and is highest amongst the 45+ ages 45-plus (52%). Data retrieved from (Lack of Consumer Trust in Data Security in the UK. 2007) After interviewing the people, most people blamed themselves, for making their personal information vulnerable and includes the rating of 60% people blamed retailers, 28% people blamed themselves as they consider that they have exposed their personal information themselves and it is their own fault. Moreover, 12% people blamed financial institutions i.e. banks (Survey Reveals Massive Incidence of Credit Card Fraud and Identity Theft; Retailers blamed for making people vulnerable to fraud. 2010). After reviewing these figures, there is also a requirement to create an awareness program for people who tends to provide personal information on the Internet. 3 Impact of Exposing Personal Data The requirement for securing personal data and privacy online is due to many reasons. The first reason incorporates not a single law of how to handle customer data. For instance, if an online company sells products and maintains databases including customer information, they can do whatever they want. Most probably, they can sell data in terms of cash. Every website has a link stated as ‘Website Privacy Policy’, but no one knows exactly, to what extent they are authentic. The practical approach to that privacy policy is a different story. The second most prominent reasons are hacking, viruses, Trojans, spywares,

Excessive Materialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Excessive Materialism - Essay Example "The foundation of America was built on the idea of being a land with endless opportunity. That opportunity was not only freedom to oneself, but also the opportunity to gain much wealth." (Jackson, n.d., para. 1). Each citizen's prosperity was a reward for their hard work and diligence (Wikipedia, The American Dream, n.d., para. 1). However, the American Dream has been dramatically redefined to reflect the excessive materialism that is representative of the crumbling moral and social core of today's world. The new American Dream, fueled by excessive materialism, has brought new and detrimental values to a society that has already gone astray. In addition, the American Dream as it exists today is more and more difficult to attain, because it is built on unrealistic ideals. As people work harder and harder to consume more and more, their lives are out of balance. In the quest for wealth as measured by purchases and materials items, their quality of life diminishes with the loss of fami ly and personal time. Excessive materialism, in trampling our esteemed and treasured American identity, threatens our individual well being, collective justice and ecological balance today and in the future. is consumed by consumers of expensive coffee, name brand clothing, chic cars, trendy hair cuts, cell phones, laptops, and portable video games. A large portion of people are talking on a cell phone and a larger portion of people look stressed out. The biggest and most obvious difference to me is how the children dress, talk, behave and play compared to even when I was young. In absorbing my surroundings, I realized that excessive materialism has become an accepted value in our society. The concept of materialism can be traced back in biblical history and literature. Mammon is used in the New Testament to describe materials wealth or greed and to personify a false god (Wikipedia, Mammon, n.d.). Webster defines 'Mammon' as 1) the false god of riches and avarice and 2) riches regarded as an object of worship and greedy pursuit; wealth as an evil, more or less personified (Websters, 1977). Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal: But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other; or else he will be devoted to one and despise the other.

Goods and bads, causes and implications of land grabs Essay

Goods and bads, causes and implications of land grabs - Essay Example The proliferative grabbing and acquisition of farming land in the developing countries is one major effect of the food crisis of 2007-08. During this time, the world experienced an increased pressure on the existing natural resources. Coupled with the international export restrictions imposed by major food producers in the world, as well as water scarcity, , the pressure resulted in countries having shortage in the arable land. The governments, as well as individuals, wanted to have enough investment injected into agriculture. Those in power, therefore, sought to increase their economic advantage through land grabbing and illegal acquisition of farmland. The global land rush of the 21st century is, however, different from the land acquisition in the colonial era. Despite being relatively similar in the general process of the perpetrators, the specific drive for the acquisition is different. The process of acquisition in both cases appear to entail the identification of unclaimed land, probably belonging to communities or groups and using it for personal benefits. However, the colonial acquisition of African land was politically driven. The drive that resulted in the success of partitioning and acquisition relied on the ignorance of the people and the compulsion that civilization and religion would impact on the Africans to reduce resistance. This political move was also related to the demonstration of power between the European countries. The acquisition in the twenty-first century, on the other hand, was related to the need for economic power. The farm owners and farmers in the developing countries suffer the ills of land grabbing. Most of them, especially those in need of land to produce their own food expects their respective governments to solve the land crisis in a way that will end the vice and lead to improved food security. However, in most of these countries, the political leadership is unwilling to

Automotive industry Essay Example for Free

Automotive industry Essay Maruti Suzuki India Limited generally famous as Maruti is an ancillary company of the Japanese automaker Suzuki Motor Corporation. It has a market share of 44.9% of the Indian passenger car market as of March 2011. Maruti 800 and Alto are their entry level cars. Ritz, A-Star, Swift, Wagon-R, Estilo are their hatch back models. DZire SX4 are Maruti’s Sedan class models. Eeco and Ertiga are Maruti’s C segment class. Grand Vitara is their Sports Utility Vehicle which is directly imported from Japan. Maruti is the 1st company in India to turn out and sell more than a million cars. Maruti Udyog Limited is renamed as Maruti Suzuki India Ltd on 17th September 2007. Maruti companies head quarter is in Nelson Mandela Road, New  Delhi. The company was customary in 1989; however the actual production commenced in 1983 with their Maruti 800. Till 2004 Maruti 800 was the India’s largest selling packed in car ever, since it was launched in 1983. More than a million units of this car have been sold worldwide so far. Maruti imports diesel engines for all their diesel cars from Fiat motors. Maruti’s manufacturing plants are located at two amenities Gurgoan and Manesar south of Delhi. Gurgoan plants installed capacity is of 9, 00,000 units per annum and Manesar plant with a capacity of 5, 00,000 units per year and a diesel plant with an annual capacity of 1, 00,000 engines and transmissions. Maruti has 933 dealerships crossways 666 towns and cities in all states and union territories of India with 2,946 service stations (inclusive of dealer workshops and Maruti Authorised Service Stations) in 1,395 towns and cities all over India. It has 30 Express Service Stations on 30 National Highways across 1,314 cities in India. Service is a major source of proceeds to the company. Most of the service stations help many stranded vehicles on the highways by sending across their repair man to the vehicle. 1.2 Definition Of Marketing According to American Marketing Association (AMA) Board of Directors, Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value of customers, clients, partners, and society at large. Dr. Philip Kotler defines, marketing as â€Å"the science and art of exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy the needs of a target market at a profit. Marketing identifies unfulfilled needs and desires. It defines measures and quantifies the size of the identified market and the profit potential. It pinpoints which segments the company is capable of serving best and it designs and promotes the appropriate products and services†. 1.3 Customer Perceived Value Customer Perceived Value (CPV) is the distinction between the prospective customer’s evaluation of all the benefits and all the costs of an offering and the perceived alternatives. 1.3.1 Customer Perceived Value of Maruti Suzuki with reference to Holbrook Model Typology of Customer Value Holbrook (1994 p. 27) asserted â€Å"Value is an interactive relativistic preference experience†. Based on this Holbrook proposed a typology of consumer value having three different dimensions: Extrinsic/Intrinsic: The consumer perceives value in using or owning a product or services as a means to and end versus an end in itself. Self-oriented/Other-oriented: The consumer perceives value for the consumer’s own benefit as against the benefit of others. Active/Reactive: The customer perceives value through direct use of an object as against apprehending, appreciating or responding to an object. These three dimensions give rise to eight types of customer value Extrinsic Intrinsic Self-oriented Active Efficiency Play Reactive Excellence Aesthetics Other-oriented Active Status Ethics Reactive Esteem Spirituality Thus for a company like Maruti it would be very apt to use this model considering that the products that Maruti Suzuki has to offer fits in quite easily in different dimensions as presented in the typology. 1.3.2 Customer Perceived Value of Maruti Suzuki with reference to Monroe Model Monroe (1990, p. 46) observes, â€Å"Buyers perceptions of value represent a trade-off between the quality or benefits they perceive in the product relative to the sacrifice they perceived by paying the price† Monroe has expressed the concept of customer perceived value as the ratio between perceived benefits and perceived sacrifice: Customer Perceived Value= Perceived Benefits ________________ Perceived Sacrifice According to Monroe perceived benefits has a positive influence on consumers perception of product value at first, and later on it may influence consumers purchase intentions. In contrast, perceived sacrifice first has a negative influence on consumers perception of product value, and later on it may influence consumers purchase intentions. Perceived Benefits Here the benefits include customers’ desired value, e.g., quality (Monroe, 1990). Sacrifices, on the other hand, include monetary (price) (Dodds, et al., 1991) and non-monetary (time, effort) (Cronin, et al., 2000) considerations. Therefore, value includes three key factors: (1) quality, (2) price, and (3) convenience (Lemon, et al., 2001), where convenience is the time and effort expended by the customers (Cronin, et al., 2000) In context to Maruti, the customer’s desired value is the quality of the car and services rendered there off. Whereas the sacrifices include the price of the car, maintenance cost, etc. 1.3.3 Customer Perceived Value of Maruti with reference to Woodruff’s Model A Value-Hierarchy Model Woodruff (1997) proposed that â€Å"Customer value is a customer’s perceived preference for and evaluation of those product attributes, attribute performances and consequences arising from use that facilities achieving the customer goals and purposes in use situations.† (p146) Accordingly the customer value hierarchy suggests that customers conceive of desired value in a means-end way. Basically it can be known as a system to run businesses throughout the country by understanding customer’s goal and satisfaction over it (Lister, n.d.) Desired Customer Customer Satisfaction Value with Received Value Customer’s Goals and Purposes Desired Consequences in Use Situations Desired Product Attributes and Attribute Preferences Starting at the bottom of the hierarchy, customers start to think about products as bundles of specific attributes and attribute performances. While purchasing and using a product they form desire or preferences for a certain attribute based on their ability to facilitate achieving desired consequence experiences. Looking down the hierarchy from the top, customers use goals and preferences to attach importance to consequences. Also the customer’s use situation plays a critical role in evaluation as well as in desires. Maruti Suzuki, being an automobile manufacturing company faces a lot of competition. Thus such a model would be very essential for their company. 1.3.4 Consumer perceived value of Maruti with reference to Zeithaml Model Means-End Model An adaptation of a model first proposed by Dodds and Monroe (1985), Zeithaml with her study in 1988 about price, quality and value towards consumers defined this into the concept of Means-End model. (Source: Means-End Model, Zeithaml, 1988) 2. Value Proposition Definition of ‘Value Proposition’ A business or marketing speech that summarizes why a customer should buy an item for consumption or use a service. This statement should prove a potential buyer that one meticulous product or service will add more value or better solve a problem than other like offerings. Companies use this statement to target customers who will benefit most from using the company’s products, and this helps maintain an economic moat. The ideal value proposition is concise and appeals to the customer’s strongest decision-making drivers. Companies pay a high price when customers lose slight of the company’s value proposition. 2.1 Value Proposition of Maruti Suzuki ‘Way of Life’ is the Value Proposition of Maruti Suzuki. As India is a country where comfort is vital while travelling, Maruti has always been the first option. As mileage is a big criterion with cars for Indians, Suzuki proves to be better than quite a few other names in cars as its vehicles have a higher mileage; for example Swift gives 22km/ltr while if you compare a Honda City gives around 12-13 km/litre. 2.2 Mission Vision of Maruti Suzuki The Company Mission To make available a wide range of modern, high quality fuel efficient vehicles in order to meet the need of different customers, both in domestic and export markets. The Company Vision We must be an internationally competitive company in terms of our products and services. We must retain our leadership in India and should also aspire to be among the global players. Their focus is on: Building a continuously improving organization adaptable to quick changes Providing value and satisfaction to the customer Aligning and fully involving all our employees, suppliers and dealers to face competition Maximising Shareholder’s value 2.3 Target Market Definition of target market: A specific group of consumers at which a company aims its products and services. Maruti Suzuki has adopted a focused approach and wisely created segments within a large market to promote their cars. Lower Income Group- Maruti 800, Alto  Middle Income Group- Wagon-R, Swift, Swift DZire, Ritz High Income Group- Maruti Suzuki Kizashi, Suzuki Grand Vitara Suzuki Grand Vitara would obviously have no takers amongst the lower income group. 2.4 Market Attractiveness Market attractiveness is a term that describes the profit possibilities available in a given market or industry. The more attractive a market is, the higher the potential profits. Companies in the process of considering entires into new industries or markets conduct a number of analyses to determine whether or not such a move would be good for the business. One such analysis is a market attractiveness analysis, conducted to find out if entering a particular market or industry would be profitable and how much the company could potentially earn. The automobile industry is a huge and diversified market. It can be divided into different segments each satisfying different needs of the customers. These different segments can be classified as: SUV’s, Sedans, Hatchbacks, C segments etc. This gives an automobile company ample amount of opportunities. Maruti Suzuki  is prevalent in all of these segments and is considered as one of the premium brands in all of these segments. In this very market other than the different segments of automobiles also is the service rendered by the company to the customers. Thus the market is as attractive as one would hope for giving Maruti Suzuki a chance to make the most of it.

Aboriginal Beliefs Essay -- essays research papers

The Aborigines had, and still have, a complex belief in creation, spirits and culture, that gives a definite distinctiveness from any other religion in the world. Thousands of years ago, Australian Aboriginal people were living in accordance with their dreamtime beliefs- today, a majority of the Aboriginal community profess allegiance to Christianity, and only 3% still adhere to traditional beliefs. These beliefs have provided the Aboriginal people with guidance and perspective on all aspects of life. There were many variants to these beliefs and practises throughout the many Aboriginal tribal areas, but all Aboriginal people have developed an intimate relationship between themselves and their environment. They see themselves as spiritually bound to the natural world. The basis of Aboriginal religion revolves around their sacred mythology known as “The Dreamtime';. The Dreamtime specifically refers to the period of time when the creators made the territory of a tribe and all it contained. It was a period when patterns of living were established and laws were laid down for human beings to follow. The Dreamtime is linked with many aspects of Aboriginal practise, including rituals, storytelling and Aboriginal lore, and explains the origin of the universe, the workings of nature and the nature of humanity, and the cycle of life and death. It shapes and structures Aboriginal life by controlling kinship, ceremonial life, and the relationship between males and females with a system of responsibility involving people, land and spirits. The aim or objective of traditional Aboriginal people was to live the exact lifestyle that had been created for them by the creators thus, the Aboriginal people strive to perpetuate and continue the never ending dream ing. The creators were the ancestors of all living things, including the Aborigines themselves. Sometimes human, sometimes animal, they were possessed of miraculous powers. Their deeds on earth are enshrined in Aboriginal mythology and are closely associated with animals and other features of the natural environment. Each tribe had it’s own creation myth. For example, the people of the Arunda tribe believed that the spirits cut them from the earth in the Dreamtime. Originally, myths, or Dreamtime stories, were not expressed simply in verbal or written form but were enacted, chanted, painted, cost... ... new growth. Food taboos and totemism had the effect of protecting animal and other species because some people were not permitted to eat certain foods and a person could not always eat their own totem. This had the effect of providing a safe environment for particular species. Many sub-tribes moved around their land following the food chain cycles. This meant that they never stayed in the one place where they could extinguish the food sources. In some tribes particular beliefs were held about dangers that could threaten the life of animals or birds. One tribe (the Wiimbaio) were afraid of blood falling into lakes or rivers, incase storms or other disasters would result, and would kill the fish. Aboriginal beliefs are expressed in a number of ways, including their Dreamtime practices, such as stories, art and corroborees, and rituals, such as initiation, birth, marriage and death, as well as the Aboriginal lore. Such a complex and unique outlook on the universe and humans, and with the assistance of their ability to continue their practices through hundreds of generations, allowed the Aboriginal belief system to evolve to be one of, if not the, oldest surviving race in the world.

Propaganda and How It Is Uses by United States Government :: American Government, American Expansion

In today society, our daily lives are surrounding by ads, television, internet, the presses, and many publications. These are some of the many forms of what is called propaganda. It â€Å"is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself† (Online Wikipedia). Here, I am not talking about some superstores promotion like Wal-Mart or Costco to persuade us to buy their products. On the contrary, I am talking about how propaganda is use by United States Government to dominate the public point of view in time of wars, or alter public perception of political or none political issues. Now, let us look at some historical events where our government uses propaganda in those situations. Begin with the Philippines war, slogan like â€Å"advancing freedom†, â€Å"Christian benevolence†, and â€Å"prosperity† were use to â€Å"break† the â€Å"anti-imperial traditionsâ⠂¬  of the people in order to enable the McKinley Administration to legally conduct wars against the Filipinos â€Å"for control of the Philippine Islands† (Brewer 14). The intention of the war was that the U.S. believed the islands are strategic locations to â€Å"the markets and natural resources of Asia† (Brewer 14). However, the truth can not be disclosed to the public, and government needs public supports for the war. And so, the McKinley Administration portrait a total different image of â€Å"American expansion in the Pacific as a continuation of Manifest Destiny, comparing the Filipinos to Native Americans, calling them savage warriors or ‘little brown brothers’ (Brewer 15). Then come World War I, President Woodrow Wilson Administration established the â€Å"Creel Commission† to manipulate the so called â€Å"extremely pacifistic population† to wrath war against Germany (Chomsky 11). And at the end of the war, the same strategy of propaganda is use to â€Å"destroying unions and eliminating such dangerous problems as freedom of the press and freedom of political thought† (Chomsky 12). This was later known as the Red Scare. Although under the leadership of the President, the propaganda used are strongly support and pushed by the media and businesses for their own interest. Furthermore, there is that certain group of people in society who considered themselves as the â€Å"more intelligent members of the community† or â€Å"specialized class of responsible men† who believed only they can understand the common interests of the people (Chomsky 12, 15).

How does the poet use language to create a vivid portrayal of love?

First Love was written by John Clare (1793-1864) about his true love for a woman called Mary Joyce, who was from an upper class family, differing from his background from lower class. Even though Mary Joyce was the love of his life, he married another woman and had a family with her. In later years, his obsession led to him being admitted in to an asylum. During his time there, he had been said to think he was Lord Bryon (Mary Joyce's actual husband). She was the daughter of a wealthy farmer who did not approve of him. His infatuated love for her drove him to insanity. The poem talks about the first time he laid his eye upon her. In the essay, I will discuss how the poet uses language to create a dramatic portrayal of his love. The first stanza is full of terms with vibrant connotations. The poet uses this to create a jovial atmosphere and help the reader determine his emotions at that time. The very first line informs the reader that love had never ‘struck' him before that day that he saw her. The word ‘struck' denotes that it was something unexpected and impulsive. He links her beauty to a radiant flower, using the words ‘sweet' and ‘bloomed'. The word ‘bloomed' may also imply that when he saw her, his world brightened and he felt alive. ‘And it stole my heart away complete' entails that upon laying his eyes on her, she had his utmost attention. The last four lines of this stanza indicate that he perceived her as goddess; this because his face turned a ‘deadly pale' – it depicts how nervous she made him. Clare claims his ‘legs refused to walk away'; this symbolises the trance he was in and how hypnotic her beauty was to him. And when she looked what could I ail? ‘ – alludes that when she looked his way, he was left breathless. ‘My life and all seemed turned to clay'; this line conveys how to him, everything else in his world came to a stop in that moment. Although, it is just the first verse, it expresses quite eloquently how he felt. This concludes that what Clare felt upon their first meeting, was something he had never experienced before and the clammy, bewilderment he felt left him breath taken and yearning for her. He truly believed that it was love at first sight and he could not rest because he didn't have her. I think that he became a bit too fixated with his love for her and couldn't let go. This affected his health and wellbeing, eventually leading him to lose his mentality. In my opinion, it may have been love at first, but, thereafter, it became lust where he just longed for her. If he truly loved her, he would have been happy for her even if it meant without him.

Body Fat and Eating Disorders Essay

Body composition is composed of lean tissues and fats in the body. Lean tissue includes muscle, bone, and organs, while fats include essential, non-essential, and storage. Obesity has environmental and lifestyle effects. Some effects include high availability of fast food and high fat content food. Advertisements for different types of foods are seen all over the television, and a lot of the ads are for unhealthy foods that are aimed at children. Many families are limited to buying the cheaper foods that are found in stores. Health foods are often more costly and low income families simply cannot afford them. Inexpensive foods are often served in portions that are well above the recommendations for servings. Families keep themselves so busy in this day and time, and this leads to buying foods that are convenient to make. Convenience foods can often be high in fat and calories, making them unhealthy choices. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that causes a fear of gaining weight. A person may feel fat even though he or she is extremely thin. Some of the health problems associated with anorexia are changes in brain chemistry, brittle hair and nails, weak muscles, bone loss, and fractures. Anorexia can also cause kidney failure and growth problems. Bulimia nervosa is when large amounts of food are uncontrollably eaten and then purged. A person with bulimia may use methods like abuse of diuretics and laxatives to get rid of the food that is eaten. Physical complications include irritation of esophagus, stomach, and throat from excessive vomiting. The teeth can become yellowed and damaged from the acid in vomit. Bulimia also causes lung irritation due to choking during vomiting. The choking allows food to enter the lungs. The loss of body fluids causes low potassium and sodium levels. Muscle spasms and weakness may also be experienced. Some of the health problems associated with it is low blood pressure, slow heart rate, bone loss, heart failure, or kidney failure. Bulimia nervosa is another eating disorder that can cause a lot of problems. Bulimia is actually a combination of anorexia and binging. Bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder and anorexia nervosa can all be serious, life threatening eating disorders. Depression or stress can cause an individual to eat too much which causes an excess weight gain and if left untreated, can lead to serious health problems. Eating too little can cause an individual to be lacking necessary nutrients needed for the body to function properly. Binge eating leads to a loss of control over the binging and purging associated with this disease. Individuals afflicted with these eating disorders typically eat foods that are high in sugar and salt content. The foods these individuals choose are low in healthier nutrients. For this reason, these individuals are at risk for type 2 diabetes which is very serious. High blood pressure, high cholesterol and gallbladder disease are other health risks associated with bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder and anorexia nervosa.

Compiler Design 2

Outline s Refreshing †¦ Uncensored †¦ Groundbreaking †¦. The Dr. Wang’s original lecture: s s s s s Tutorial of Design Compiler s s Introduction Setting Up the Tutorial Graphical Interface The Alarm Clock Design Setting Design Environment Setting Design Constraints Overview of Optimization Phases Analysis of Report DC Tutorial – 2 Introduction s s s Introduction s s s s The Synthesis Process Design Compiler Products Synthesis Programs and Tools Design Styles Input and Output Formats User Interfaces Script Files DC Tutorial – 4 The Synthesis Process Start Rewrite Verilog Code Read in Design Set Attributes Set Realistic Timing Goal Check Design Errors No Yes Fix Bugs Change Constraints Modify Compile Attributes Ungroup Design Blocks The DC Products s DC Professional – No multi-frequency clocking, latch-based time borrowing, pipeline re-timing, critical path resynthesis, in-place optimization, and incremental editing s DC Expert – Include features for maximizing performance s FPGA Compiler – Targets only FPGA technology Optimize No Good? Yes Done DC Tutorial – 5 DC Tutorial – 6 1 Synthesis Tools HDL Design Analyzer HDL Compilers DesignWare DesignWare Developer Architectural Optimization s s Architectural Optimization Gate-Level s s Design Analyzer Logic Optimization Design Compilers Cell Library Library Compiler s s Arithmetic Optimization Timing and Area-Based Resource Sharing Sub-expression Removal Constraint-Driven Resource Selection Inference of Synthetic Part (DesignWare) For more information – HDL Compiler for Verilog Reference Manual Optimized Gate-level Netlist DC Tutorial – 7 DC Tutorial – 8 DesignWare s DesignWare Developer Provide a library of high-level design components – Adders, Multiplier, etc. s s The HDL compiler will select the proper components for you based on your timing and area goals See Documentation Collection (open collection) – Synopsys DesignWare 1997. 01 s Create DesignWare Libraries DC Tutorial – 9 DC Tutorial – 10 DC Products s Cell Library s Library of basic cells used by DC – AND, OR, XOR, etc. s Optimize your design at the gate level Using selected cell libraries s For FPGA compiler, it may contain more complex cells – Xilinx CLBs, IOBs, etc. DC Tutorial – 11 DC Tutorial – 12 2 Library Compiler Design Styles s Yes, you can create your own cell libraries s s Hierarchical or Flatten Combinational or Sequential DC Tutorial – 13 DC Tutorial – 14 Input Formats s s s s Output Formats s s s s s VHDL Verilog PLA & EDIF 2. 00 Xilinx XNF s Synopsys binary format (. db files) VHDL Verilog EDIF 2. 00 Equation, LSI Logic, Mentor Graphics, PLA, state table, Tegas formats Xilinx XNF format DC Tutorial – 15 DC Tutorial – 16 User Interfaces s Scripts s shell> dc_shell – – – – – – – – – unix-like command shell dc_shell> quit dc_shell> cd my_dir dc_shell> alias wv write -f verilog dc_shell> pwd dc_shell> history n dc_shell> list -command dc_shell> man dc_shell> sh â€Å"lpr † s s s s shell> design_analyzer graphical interface DC Tutorial – 17 A set of command can be put together into a file called â€Å"script† Then, you don’t need to re-type some the commands again and again when using the dc_shell Scripts for this tutorial will be provided for your reference You can run them when you are home without the X-window capability DC Tutorial – 18 3 Locate Documentation s s s s s s s shell> design_analyzer & select Help –> On-Line Documentation †¦. Ignore the square window with â€Å"Titles† – select Cancel to close it – focus on the one with â€Å"File, Edit, View †¦Ã¢â‚¬  select File –> Open Collection select Synopsys Synthesis Tools 1997. 1 and then click OK select Documents Formatted for Printing and then click Open In the â€Å"File, Edit, View †¦Ã¢â‚¬  window, now you can select a list of on-line documents DC Tutorial – 19 Setting Up the Tutorial Setting Up the Tutorial s s s s Creating The Directories s >cp -r /baby/synopsys/doc/syn/tutorial . Home Directory tutorial Creating the directories Setting paths and aliases Creating a start-up file Running tutorial with scripts db/ verilog/ vhdl/ appendix_A/ Script files work (empty) DC Tutorial – 21 DC Tutorial – 22 Path s s .synopsys_dc. s etup file %> source /usr/local/bin/setup. synopsys Or you can put it in . cshrc file – %> source . cshrc – %> rehash s s You can take a look of the setup file – %> more /usr/local/bin/setup. synopsys s Creating a . synopsys_dc. setup file can overwrite system default settings %> cp ~/tutorial/. sysnopsys_dc. setup ~/. synopsys_dc. setup %> vi ~/. synopsys_dc. setup – company = â€Å"Motorola Somerset†; – designer = â€Å"CEO†; – view_background = â€Å"while†; s It basically setup the right environmental variables for you DC Tutorial – 23 DC Tutorial – 24 4 More about setup file s Scripts s s %> more . synopsys_dc. setup – search_path = { } + search_path – link_library †¦ target_library †¦ symbol_library †¦ define_design_lib †¦ s s s s s search_path = {a directory} + search_path – if you cp tutorial into a directory other than home link_library: location of subdesgins referenced by the design target_library: identify technology libraries symbol_library: identify symbols library for generating/viewing schematics define_design_lib: identify a temporary place to store intermediate files created by the analyzer DC Tutorial – 25 No X-Window, No Problem Find script files in ~/tutorial/appendix_A/. See Design Analyzer Reference Manual for more detail DC Tutorial – 26 Graphical Interface s s Start: %> design_analyzer & Quit: Select File –> Quit Menu Bar Graphical Interface View Buttons Level Buttons Scroll Bar Message Area (view_background = â€Å"while†;) View Window DC Tutor ial – 28 Mouse Buttons s Check Default Setup s Setup –> Defaults †¦ Left Button – Select design and design objects s Mid Button – Add or remove objects from a group of objects already selected s Right Button Bring up the pop-up menu DC Tutorial – 29 DC Tutorial – 30 5 Read in a Design s Save a Design s File –> – analyze & elaborate – read File –> Save or Save As †¦ – Once a design is selected s analyze : – read in VHDL/Verilog; check for syntax and synthesizale logic; store as intermediate formats – Use to read each sub-design + top level design s elaborate : – create the design from intermediate formats; determine the correct bus size; Use for top level design + sub-design with parameters passing in s read : read design formats other than HDL (db, PLA, tc. ) DC Tutorial – 31 DC Tutorial – 32 A Design Has 4 Views s s s s s Design View s Design View Symbol View Sc hematic View Hierarchy View T View (No Use) After â€Å"read† in all 13 verilog files in the tutorial directory – you first enter the Design View DC Tutorial – 33 DC Tutorial – 34 Symbol View s Schematic View s Select TIME_STATE_MACHINE and double-click on it -> you enter the symbol view of the design Click on the â€Å"schematic view† button on the left hand side DC Tutorial – 35 DC Tutorial – 36 6 Hierarchy View s Design View Icons s s s s Click the up arrow (left hand side) to go back to design view; doubleclick on TOP; Select View –> Change View –> Hierarchy – TOP contains 6 modules Netlist: read in as a netlist and optimized to gates Equation: In VHDL, Verilog, or equation format that is partially or completely behavioral PLA: Specified in PLA format State Table: Specified in state table format Y=A+B 010-0 1-101 PLA State Table Netlist Equation DC Tutorial – 37 DC Tutorial – 38 Command Window s dc_shell Commands Setup –> Command Window †¦ s For more information, – see Design Compiler Reference Manual: Fundamentals DC Tutorial – 39 DC Tutorial – 40 Design Attributes s Operating Environment Sub-menu s Attributes are values you set to control the optimization process – Select Attributes from the menu s The Attributes menu provide access to – – – – – – – Set input and output delays Set drive strengths set loads Characterize subdesigns Select operating conditions Choose a wire load model Create or modify a clock DC Tutorial – 41 Set design properties that describes the internal conditions of a design and the design’s interaction with its surrounding – drive strength on ports – the time that signals arrive on ports – load driven by output ports DC Tutorial – 42 7 Optimization Constraints s Design Optimization s Set the goal for design optimization – largest delay allowed – greatest area allowed Select Tools –> Design Optimization – See Design Compiler Reference Manual: Optimization and Timing Analysis for more detail s Two set-constraint windows – Design Constraints window †¢ Goals for area and power †¢ Design rules implied by technology library †¢ Test-related constraints (testability) – Timing Constraints window †¢ Timing constraints s DC Tutorial – 43 DC Tutorial – 44 Locating Problems s Generate Report s Before and after optimization, use Schematic View and Check Design to locate problems – Generate schematic view – Select Analysis –> Check Design – Jump to a design object †¢ Click on an error or warning message in the Design error window †¢ Click on the show button Analysis –> Report †¦ DC Tutorial – 45 DC Tutorial – 46 Run a Script File s Setup –> Execute Script – check out ~/tutorial/appendix_A/*. script – dc_shell> include The Alarm Clock Design DC Tutorial – 47 8

College Admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

College Admission - Essay Example So at the ripe age of six, I began with what would become a life-long pursuit of trying to be the best soccer player I could be. I tried my luck at baseball one year but found it too unexciting and dry. I also tried a year of football in order to meet my father’s wish for me to become as good a football player as he was, but it just was not meant to be. Soccer, it was! And I remember the awkwardness of stumbling onto the field as a young child. But I persevered and showed up for every practice determined to be the best player I could be. My parents have been super supportive of my soccer career and have taken me to those ungodly 8 am games to sometimes traveling hours to play in a tournament. One can say we made it a family affair. After many years of playing for our local recreational league I decided to try out for my high school soccer team. I was pretty confident knowing I would make a great addition to the team. After all I have been playing soccer longer than most of my team mates trying out. However what I did not count on was my lack of preparation. I had spent most of summer that year at home playing a lot of video games and hanging out with friends while my friends were preparing for soccer tryouts. My Dad strongly encouraged me to join the cross country team so I would be conditioned and get in shape for tryouts but I ignored his advice. So there I was again, staring at the list. How could this have happened? In the words of Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure†. I can assure you that I was not content with my failure that day. Success for me is defined as preparation, commitment and motivation to achieve my goals. I hope to apply this valuable lesson to my college experience. I know there will be successes as well as a few failures but as long as I remember that there is always something to be learned by both. May be I will not

The Motorcycles Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Motorcycles Company - Essay Example The size of these engines ranges from 500 cc to 1000 cc. Now the organization is planning to introduce large tour class motorcycles in order to target those customers who love to travel long distance. The proposed target market for this segmented motor cycles are the males aged between 35 and 60. The organization is targeting the customers whose income level ranges from 55, 000 US dollar to 100, 000 US dollars. The management of the organization decided to develop new strategies for newly proposed motorcycles. In addition to this, the organization will try to continue with its existing products in order to maintain existing client base. Discussion This part of the essay will outline required process steps that are required to develop the motor cycle. Process Steps and Rational for response First of all, it is important for a project manager to identify key suppliers for the required engines that are used in touring class motorcycles. Many suppliers and distributors are available in t he market. But it will be effective for the organization to rely on old and existing suppliers. The project management team should find out effective and skilled workforce who has the ability to fix the engines and parts and develop new touring class motor cycle. It has been discussed in the case study that the organization is trying to use larger than 1100 cc engines in their touring class motor cycle. ... The organization should develop a budget for manufacturing and distributing these motorcycles to end customers. The organization should try to give high quality parts and engines in the motorcycle to gain significant customer loyalty and high brand preference. In addition to this, effective budget management process will help the organization to determine the pricing of motorcycles. The project management team should try to incorporate advanced technology in business process as it will help the organization to reduce the operating time and cost. In addition to this, the employees of organization can feel limited work pressure by this strategy implication. Promotion is an important element for an organization to market its products and services. Motorcycle rally, digital media promotions and online advertising will help the organization to create huge brand awareness. Last but not the least; the organization should give value to after sales service and feedback process as it will help the organization’s project management team to improve the quality of the motorcycles. Recommended Strategy to senior executives It is important for the organization to focus on its existing business activities rather than wholly focus on new business strategies. It is true that the organization is implementing new business and product differentiation strategy based on the recognition and profitability of existing business. The senior executives should realize that maintaining business sustainability in the long term is the important objective for the organizations. On the other hand, creating some brand awareness on the mind of target customers for the newly developed motorcycle would serve short term needs of this motorcycle company. It is impossible for the organization to

Improvements in the supply chain offered by e-commerce developments Essay

Improvements in the supply chain offered by e-commerce developments - Essay Example Significant advantages offered through the implementation of e-commerce are the streamlining of the supply operations through the elimination of redundant paperwork, order batching and stockpiling. There is a higher degree of interaction and timeliness that may be brought into the supply chain management through e-commerce. A large database of valid, current information can be maintained which can also be used for data analysis. The cons of the e-commerce system however are also induced by technology – the dangers of confidential information being accessed by unauthorized parties and consequent losses that could result. In carrying out this analysis, I have chosen to reply upon a library based approach, seeking out the views of experts on the benefits of the e-commerce system and its implications for supply chain management. The findings in this report are that e-commerce is likely to be of enormous benefit in supply chain management. While there are also potential disadvantages, the pros outweigh the cons and therefore, introducing e-commerce offers excellent possibilities for improvements in current supply chain management. The traditional supply chain model is based upon the push model, wherein the process of placing orders and marketing the product involves customers, retailers, wholesalers, distributors and manufacturers, and at every stage there is paperwork involved. Much of such paperwork may also be duplicated, which results in the Supply Chain essentially becoming a system serving the suppliers almost as much as it serves the customers, who should be its primary focus. However, with the onset of e-commerce, online business auctions, web procurement systems and electronic business negotiations are becoming increasingly common, with availability of additional software such as shopping bots, etc enabling consumers to carry our price comparisons online (Vulkan, 2003). As a result, the supply

Metropolitan Museum of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Metropolitan Museum of Art - Essay Example It does not contain the ethereal quality of previous paintings of the time period of the same subject, where the quality of light and brushstrokes portrayed a beatific reality (Harden 2008). This is an engraving which must be meticulously produced with ink, compass and ruler and the initial impression of the work is one of precision (Harden 2008). However, Durer is able to capture a new variation in the work that expresses the harmonious quality of the Garden of Eden and Adam and Eve's relationship to each other and their surroundings. As the eye enters the work, one can see the how opposites are harmoniously existing. A mouse is relaxing next to a cat, an elk and cow do not fear the humans in the picture, and the tree of knowledge is contained in the background, with the serpent giving Eve the fruit and Adam waiting to receive it. All is peaceful. Here, Durer expresses in black and white the harmonious expression of opposites, soon to be destroyed with the taking of the forbidden fr uit. The work is one of bold expression and the medium and succinct lines and use of black and white stand out as a first in artistic expression of the Garden prior to the fall. Giovanni di Paolo, an Italian artist, created The Creation and Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise in 1445. Here we see the angst inherent in the fall of man from paradise after the forbidden fruit is tasted. Paolo is an expressive artist who uses elements of design to symbolize the aspects of the harmony of the Garden and the devastation of the fall from grace. God is shown in radiant fury pushing the universe, represented by a very large globe that is entering from the left side of the painting and expresses the power of the universe that God has created and is now directed with wrath. In the globe, the evidence of astrology is found within the concentric circles representing the elements, the planets and the constellations (Metropolitan Museum of Art 2008). Adam and Eve are being directed, seemingly pushed also, by an angel who is in human form. The lush vegetation of the garden and the four rivers emerging from the ground symbolize the ecological wealth and harmony of the ga rden, which Adam and Eve are now forced to leave. The medium is tempura on panel and a dark light is effectively used near the trees and on the ground to give the painting an emotional quality of impending negativity and hardship. This painting, previous to Durer's engraving, illustrates the gravity of artist's representing the fall of man in artwork with dark colors and vivid use of brushstrokes to express God's seriousness. Saint Teresa of Avila Interceding Souls in Purgatory is oil on wood painting by Peter Paul Rubens, a Flemish artist dated between 1577 and 1640 (Metropolitan Museum of Art 2008). This work is dramatic and emotional and shows how the skilled use of oil captures a quality of light and brushstroke that effectively portrays the seriousness of the task at hand. Saint Teresa to the right of Jesus is shown prostrate and pleading for the souls praying for release from purgatory at the bottom of the wood. On the left are the cherubs, angels of God that seem to be waiting for a decision from Jesus as to the faint of who they will aid in rescue. One is

Production Planning using ERP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Production Planning using ERP - Essay Example However it is not widespread these days, it is probable to carry out material requirements planning tasks by hand as well (Waldner & Duffin, 1992, p. 47). MRP is a procedure that comprises a number of fundamental business tasks and information across the business encompassing entire levels in the bill of materials, sales forecasts, sales orders, and inventory. With the help of MRP it can be decided accurately what as well as when materials are necessary to manufacture the most timely as well as competitively priced services and products for customers (GreenTree, 2009) and (Qiang, Khong, San, Jianguo, & Choy, 2001). Beasley (2009) has stated that material requirements planning system is a material planning technique which appeared in 1970s by making use of information technology and computer technology. The major characteristics of material requirements planning are the formation of material necessities by means of exploding the bills of time-phasing and material of requirements by means of posted standard lead times (RockfordConsulting, 2009) and (Beasley, 2009). Material Requirements Planning II is acknowledged as the next generation of material requirements planning and it comprises the characteristics of closed loop system. Through this system the production planning takes the fundamental and main schedule that force the material plan which is the main input to the business or manufacturing capacity plan. Feedback loops proffers input to the elevated levels like a reiterative procedure (RockfordConsulting, 2009). In material requirements planning II operation, forecasts are linked as well a s synchronized for client orders, as well as supplied to the main/master scheduling module. When the master schedule is positioned, the material requirements planning procedure explodes the bills of material, usually on weekends or overnight, also builds up the material requirements. The requirements or materials feed the capacity planning